解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::ESR1 is frequently silenced by CGI (CpG island) methylation, both in human colorectal tumours and, in an age-dependent manner, in healthy mucosa. It is not clear, however, whether methylation of individual cytosines occurs randomly within the epithelial genome, or preferentially within individual cells as an 'all-or-n...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0330709
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pantothenate (vitamin B5) is a water-soluble vitamin essential for the synthesis of CoA and ACP (acyl-carrier protein, cofactors in energy yielding reactions including carbohydrate metabolism and fatty acid synthesis. Pantothenate is synthesized de novo by plants and micro-organisms; however, animals obtain the vitami...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0330743
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Haem (Fe-protoporphyrin IX) is a cofactor found in a wide variety of proteins. It confers diverse functions, including electron transfer, the binding and sensing of gases, and many types of catalysis. The majority of cofactors are non-covalently attached to proteins. There are, however, some proteins in which the cofa...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0330792
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The energy-converting NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, also known as respiratory complex I, couples the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone with the translocation of ions across the membrane. It was assumed that the complex exclusively works as a proton pump. Recently, it has been proposed that complex I from...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0330836
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vibrational changes in the catalytic site of horseradish peroxidase were investigated by FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy in the 1000-2500 cm(-1) range. Difference spectra were generated by photolysis of the haemII-CO compound at different pH/pD values. The spectra report on the fine structure around the...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0330886
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::PTB (polypyrimidine tract-binding protein) is a repressive regulator of alternative splicing. We have investigated the role of PTB in three model alternative splicing systems. In the alpha-actinin gene, PTB represses the SM (smooth muscle) exon by binding to key sites in the polypyrimidine tract. Repressive binding to...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0330457
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peptide-bond formation is the enzymatic activity of the ribosome. The catalytic site is made up of ribosomal RNA, indicating that the ribosome is a ribozyme. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the mechanism of peptide bond formation. The results of biochemical and kinetic experiments, mutagene...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0330493
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the amyloidogenic pathway, the APP (amyloid precursor protein) is proteolytically processed by the beta- and gamma-secretases to release the Abeta (amyloid-beta) peptide that is neurotoxic and aggregates in the brains of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. In the non-amyloidogenic pathway, APP is cleaved b...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0330335
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensing and signalling events that detect abiotic stress-induced changes in plant water status and initiate downstream stress responses such as ABA (abscisic acid) accumulation and osmoregulation remain uncharacterized in plants. Although conclusive results are lacking, recent results from plants, and analogies to sig...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0330375
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid, is a precursor of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and related compounds that have important roles as mediators and regulators of inflammation. Consuming increased amounts of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (found in oily fish and fish oils) results in a par...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0330423
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isolation and purification of the [NiFe] hydrogenase of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F under aerobic conditions leads to a mixture of two states, Ni-A (unready) and Ni-B (ready). The two states are distinguished by different activation times and different EPR spectra. HYSCORE and ENDOR data and DFT calculations sho...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0330007
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The production of dihydrogen by Escherichia coli and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae is one of the classic features of mixed-acid fermentation. Synthesis of the multicomponent, membrane-associated FHL (formate hydrogenlyase) enzyme complex, which disproportionates formate into CO(2) and H(2), has an absolute r...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0330042
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial hydrogenases have been harnessed to the removal of heavy metals from solution by reduction to less soluble metal species. For Pd(II), its bioreduction results in the deposition of cell-bound Pd(0)-nanoparticles that are ferromagnetic and have a high catalytic activity. Hydrogenases can also be used synthetic...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0330076
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last 10 years, during the lifetime of the nitrogen cycle meetings, structural biology, coupled with spectroscopy, has had a major impact of our understanding enzymology of the nitrogen cycle. The three-dimensional structures for many of the key enzymes have now been resolved and have provided a wealth of info...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0330113
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous bacterial proteins involved in the nitrogen cycle, and other processes, require c-type haem as a cofactor. c-type cytochromes are formed by covalent attachment of haem to the conserved CXXCH motif. Here, we briefly review what is presently known about cytochrome c maturation in Bacillus subtilis with particul...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0330149
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide is an intermediate of denitrification, and is one of the radical species deployed by macrophages against invading pathogens, therefore bacterial responses to NO are of considerable importance. The Escherichia coli flavorubredoxin and its associated oxidoreductase reduce NO to nitrous oxide under anaerobic...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0330181
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1 is an ubiquitously expressed kinase with the ability to regulate a variety of transport systems. Recent observations point to a role of SGK1 in the regulation of diverse physiological functions such as epithelial transport and cardiac and neuronal excitability. At le...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0330213
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe primarily detects glucose via a cAMP-signalling pathway. Components of this pathway include the Git3 G-protein-coupled receptor and a heterotrimeric G-protein, from which the Gpa2 Galpha subunit activates adenylate cyclase (Git2/Cyr1). Three additional proteins, Git1, Git7 a...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0330257
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells grown in glucose have larger average size than cells grown in ethanol. Besides, yeast must reach a carbon source-modulated critical cell size in order to enter S phase at Start. This control is of outmost physiological relevance, since it allows us to coordinate cell growth with cell cyc...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0330294
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The yeast Sir2 (silent information regulator-2) protein functions as an NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase to silence gene expression from the mating-type locus, tolomeres and rDNA and also promotes longevity and genome stability in response to calorie restriction. Homologues of yeast Sir2 have been identified in th...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320904
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Drosophila melanogaster flightless I protein and its homologues in higher eukaryotes (FliI) are conserved members of the gelsolin family of actin-binding proteins. Members of the gelsolin family generally contain three or six copies of a 125-amino-acid residue gelsolin-related repeating unit, and may contain addit...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320940
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of protein synthesis is an important aspect of growth control. RNA polymerase (pol) III plays a key role in this process by catalysing production of tRNA and 5 S rRNA. Growth factors trigger a rapid increase in pol III activity and this is essential for cell proliferation. The transcription factor TFIIIB pl...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320976
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A range of mitochondria-targeted probe molecules that comprise a lipophilic cation covalently attached to an active moiety have been developed. The lipophilic cation causes the accumulation of these molecules into mitochondria, driven by the mitochondrial membrane potential. To date, we have targeted antioxidants, spi...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0321011
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) are a large family of structurally related proteins, which mediate their effects by coupling with G-proteins. Despite responding to a range of very diverse stimuli, these receptors exhibit a conserved tertiary structure comprising a bundle of seven TM (transmembrane) helices linked ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0321048
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::PGs (prostaglandins) are synthesized through the cyclo-oxygenase (COX-1 and -2) pathway in a variety of cells in response to various physiological stimuli. All cells require at least one pathway for apoptosis, and mitochondrial play a central role in regulation of apoptosis. In a previous study, incubation of A549 cel...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0321078
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the cellular distribution of p122RhoGAP, a GTPase-activating protein of Rho small GTPase and an activator of phospholipase C-delta(1). Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that endogenous p122 is localized at the tips of actin stress fibres and co-localizes with vinculin in normal rat kidney ce...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0321107
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Native disulphide bonds are essential for the structure and function of many membrane and secretory proteins. Disulphide bonds are formed, reduced and isomerized in the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells by a family of oxidoreductases, which includes protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), ERp57, ERp72, P5 and PDIR....
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320655
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Muscles are responsible for generating the forces required for the movement of multicellular organisms. Microscopically, these forces arise as a consequence of motor proteins (myosin) pulling and sliding along actin filaments. Current knowledge states that the molecular forces between actin and myosin are linear in na...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320694
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::USP7 (also called HAUSP) is a de-ubiquitinating enzyme recently identified as a key regulator of the p53-mdm2 pathway, which stabilizes both p53 and mdm2. We have discovered that the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 protein of Epstein-Barr virus binds with high affinity to USP7 and disrupts the USP7-p53 interaction. The...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320731
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactions involving removal and addition of glucose to N-glycans in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) are performed in higher eukaryotes by glucosidases I and II and the UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase respectively. Monoglucosylated N-glycan structures have been implicated in glycoprotein folding or ER quali...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320766
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycogen synthase kinase-3 is an unusual protein serine/threonine kinase that, unlike most of its 500-odd relatives in the genome, is active under resting conditions and is inactivated upon cell stimulation. The two mammalian isoforms, GSK-3alpha and beta, play largely overlapping roles and have been implicated in a v...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320803
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::RAMPs (receptor activity-modifying proteins) are single-pass transmembrane proteins that associate with certain family-B GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors). Specifically for the CT (calcitonin) receptor-like receptor and the CT receptor, this results in profound changes in ligand binding and receptor pharmacology, al...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320843
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although relatively few G-protein-coupled receptors are Class C, in recent years, this small family of receptors has become a focal point for the discovery of new and exciting allosteric modulators. The mGlu (metabotropic glutamate) receptors are illustrative in the discovery of both positive and/or negative allosteri...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320881
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In cruciferous plants, the primary pre-rRNA cleavage site (P site) is immediately downstream of four similar, highly conserved sequences (A(1), A(2), A(3) and B) located within the 5'-ETS (5'-external transcribed spacer). In the present study, we describe the characterization of a plant NF D (nuclear factor D) that bi...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0320578
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of Hsp70 (heat-shock protein 70) chaperones in assisting protein-folding processes relies on their ability to associate with short peptide stretches of protein substrates in a transient and ATP-controlled manner. In the present study, we review the molecular details of the mechanism behind substrate recogniti...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320617
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix is a dynamic process, mediated by a series of cell-surface and matrix-associated molecules that interact with each other in a spatially and temporally regulated manner. These interactions play a major role in tissue formation, cellular migration and the induction of ad...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320416
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neutrophils are very abundant, short-lived leucocytes and their death by apoptosis is central to homoeostasis and the resolution of inflammation, yet the trigger for apoptosis is still a topic of debate. Depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane has been supposed to initiate neutrophil spontaneous apoptosis, as neu...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320461
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophage apoptosis occurs within the granuloma, which is essential for successful immunity to tuberculosis. In vitro macrophage apoptosis is associated with the killing of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A greater understanding of these observations will lead to new immunotherapies and improved vaccine des...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320496
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ligand-gated ion channels function as rapid signal transducers, converting chemical signals (in the form of neurotransmitters) into electrical signals in the postsynaptic neuron. This is achieved by the recognition of neurotransmitter at its specific-binding sites, which then triggers the opening of an ion channel ('g...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320540
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alkalithermophiles are an exciting subset of extremophilic organisms and represent extremophiles that are adapted to two extreme conditions, i.e. to a combination of alkaline and thermobiotic growth conditions. Among the anaerobic alkalithermophiles are representatives of both Bacteria and Archaea within a wide variet...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0320193
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00